African elephants breeding in captivity book pdf

Click download or read online button to get wild elephants in captivity book now. The production of this book has been made possible by a grant from the. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Historically, elephants have never bred well in captivity and, consequently, a continuous supply of elephants captured from the wild was needed to maintain or increase the captive stocks. Several subspecies have been named, of which the indian elephant elephas maximus indicus, the sri lankan elephant elephas maximus maximus, and the malaysian elephant elephas maximus hirsutus are represented in north american. Naturally no elephant will allow people to ride their back because its not in their. Article pdf available october 2011 with 3,295 reads how we measure reads a read is counted. A total of 104 zoos held african elephants, and 114 zoos held asian.

A female will usually be ready to breed around the age of thirteen, at which time she will seek out the most fit male to mate with. Elephants in captivity in the united states national. In myanmar timber elephants, the log book system was. Captive breeding programs in asian elephants range countries and. I have no information about the practice of phajaan soul crushing ritual in captive reared elephants, mainly because the successful rate of captive breeding is very low, but i assure that all working elephants, both born in the wild and born in captivity, still have to be controlled using sharp bull hook. To improve captive breeding management, we need to understand better the. There is not a comprehensive widely used manual in existence.

Breeding elephants in human care is increasingly viewed as a means of maintaining important populations as insurance against environmental or anthropomorphic catastrophe. The welfare of elephants in captivity is of significant public interest and the cause of considerable debate amongst the scientific, legislative, zoo and animal. The first elephant to be brought to the united states was a twoyear old female, originally from india. Download wild elephants in captivity or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. The case of semicaptive elephants involved in animal. This is a fact that just doesnt sit very well with many people. Specialist books were also identified through searching the. In addition, the captive breeding of both asian and african elephants has been more successful in recent years because of increased efforts in natural reproduction and technical advances in assisted reproduction. The off take of asian elephants from the wild was historically so great that elephant populations on the subcontinent of india were locally depleted. Pdf breeding management of captive asian elephant elephas. They are born with fewer survival instincts than many other animals. Partly because of the campaign by animal rights activists against the keeping of lone or small numbers of african elephants in small enclosures. Feeding asian and african elephants elephas maximus and. There was also not a great deal of captive breeding because the elephants already present in zoos were.

It is crucial to breed elephants in captivity so that captive stocks do 30 not need to be supplied. The saint louis zoo like all responsible, accredited zoos takes very seriously its role as a steward of a portion of the planets natural heritage. Elephant husbandry resource guide international elephant. She arrived on april, 1796, when the ship america docked in new york city. Animals free fulltext assessing the psychological priorities for. Wild elephants in captivity download ebook pdf, epub. They feel that elephants are too intelligent to be ordered around and to spend time chained up. Pdf the in situ and ex situ populations of asian elephants elephas maximus are rapidly decreasing. Zoos play an important role in the conservation and study. Considering the low rate of reproduction in asian elephants elephas maximus and african elephants loxodonta africana in captivity, and the critical status of the size of the captive population, nutrition plays an important role in the captive management of elephants. Distribution of a asian and b african elephants held in european zoos. Until now, protocols to assess welfare in african elephants have been developed only for zoo elephants. Suggested guidelines for captive elephant enrichment. Captive wild animals in circuses and in the film industry.

As turner highlighted for extensive farmanimal breeding 81, focus. The survival of asian elephants elephas maximus in zoos will. There is plenty of evidence to suggest that elephants in captivity are more likely to become aggressive than those in the wild. As such, we have an obligation to manage our asian elephant population in a humane and scientific manner to help ensure the species survival.